Methods for Choroidal Imaging and Evaluation

Advances in choroidal imaging have all contributed to the improvements in understanding the mechanisms that play a role in the pathogenesis of diseases, diagnosis and treatment. In today’s ophthalmology practice, the interpretation of various choroidal imaging tests is essential for the successful treatment of choroidal pathologies. Information about the anatomical structure, function and dynamic vascular flow can be obtained with many different imaging systems that provide two- or three-dimensional, en-face or cross-sectional images. Common imaging modalities include: b-mode ultrasonography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. Each modality has unique advantages and limitations. When analyzed together, different choroidal imaging techniques can increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the choroidal imaging and evaluation.