Current Strategies for Optic Nerve Protection and Repair

Damage to the optic nerve and its functioning is referred to as optic neuropathy, unlike the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the optic nerve is part of the central nervous system (CNS), which presents limitations in its regenerative abilities. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to these limitations. Strategies for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration have been studied and implemented to address these challenges. While there is no definite treatment in the past two decades there have been many advances in the modulation of inflammation, apoptosis, neurotrophic factors and stem cell replacement strategies. The advances in these areas could transform our approach to optic nerve impairment in the future.