Myopia; Epidemiology, Prevalence, Incidence, Genetics and Risk Factors

Myopia is a common refractive disorder worldwide that usually begins in childhood. In recent years, its prevalence and incidence has increased significantly, especially in developed or developing countries of East and Southeast Asia. Its incidence is higher during childhood and adolescence. Although genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of myopia, data obtained from genome studies explain a small part of the genetic background of myopia. The risk is higher in individuals with a familial history of myopia. Environmental factors are much more effective in the formation of myopia today. Factors such as increase in educational activities, long-term computer use, and decrease in outdoor activities increase the risk of myopia. It is important to know and prevent risk factors to control myopia.