Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cataract: Treatment Strategies and Current Approaches

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts are among the most common causes of vision loss in the elderly population. The coexistence of these two pathologies is frequently encountered in ophthalmology practice and requires special attention in its management. This review comprehensively reviews the effects of cataract surgery, treatment strategies, and current approaches in patients with dry AMD. The importance of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in preoperative evaluation, critical aspects of intraocular lens (IOL) selection, surgical timing, and postoperative follow-up protocols are examined in detail. Literature data suggests that cataract surgery can improve visual function in patients with dry AMD, but surgical timing and patient selection can influence outcomes. While the effect of cataract surgery on AMD progression is controversial, long-term follow-up studies suggest an increase in disease progression, particularly with follow-ups longer than 5 years. When choosing an IOL, multifocal lenses should be avoided in patients with macular pathology, while custom-designed IOLs may be beneficial in select cases. Current evidence is presented on individualizing the decision for cataract surgery in patients with dry AMD, realistically managing patients' expectations, and optimizing postoperative follow-up protocols.